Peter Farb citations
Page 3

Peter Farb était anthropologue.

✵ 1929 – 1980

Peter Farb: 92 citations0 J'aime

Peter Farb: Citations en anglais

“In 1830… Joseph Smith… prophesied that a New Jerusalem would arise in the wilds… The Mormons sent emissaries to the Indians, whom he renamed the Lamanites, inviting them to join the Mormon colonies and to be baptized. Joseph Smith was also to have prophesied in 1843 that if he… lived until 1890—the messiah would appear in human form. …It was in 1890 that… Wovoka appeared and began teaching the [revitalized] Ghost Dance religion.”

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Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

“As this cultural inadequacy becomes apparent even to the most conservative of its members, the culture may deteriorate to such an extent that it literally dies.”

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p, 125
Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

“Why did transculturalization seem to operate only in one direction? Whites who had lived for a time with Indians almost never wanted to leave. But almost none of the "civilized" Indians who had been given the opportunity to savor White society chose to become a part of it. …Nor does this problem relate solely to the American Indian. Some of the first missionaries sent to the South Seas from London, in the eighteenth century, threw away their collars and married native women.”

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Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

“An incestuous marriage establishes no new bonds between unrelated groups; it is an absurd denial to the right to increase the number of people whom one can trust. Marriages in simple societies are… usually alliances between families rather than romantic arrangements between individuals.”

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p, 125
Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

“All routinized religions today (including the Native American Church, Islam, Judaism, and Christianity) are successful descendents of what originated as messianic movements—that is, the vision of a new way of life for a culture under extreme stress.”

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p, 125
Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

“The victory… was complete except for one final indignity. That was to Americanize the Indian… to exterminate the cultures along with the Indians. …Orders went out from Washington that all male Indians must cut their hair short, even though many Indians believed that long hair had supernatural significance. …Army reinforcements were sent to the reservations to carry out the order, and in some cases Indians had to be shackled before they submitted. …attention of the Americanizers was concentrated on the Indian children, who were snatched from their families and shipped to boarding schools far from their homes… usually … for eight years, during which time they were not permitted to see their parents, relatives, or friends. Anything Indian—dress, language, religious practices, even outlook on life… was uncompromisingly prohibited. …They had suffered psychological death at an early age.”

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Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

“The astonishing cluster of them [geniuses] that appeared in Athens during the fifth and fourth centuries B. C. …what changed was the culture, which allowed exceptional minds to flourish.”

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Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

“Squads of soldiers descended upon isolated Cherokee farms and at bayonet point marched the families off to what today would be known as concentration camps”

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Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)
Contexte: ... five thousand finally consented to be marched westward, but another fifteen thousand clung to their neat farms, schools, and libraries "of good books." So General Winfield Scott set about systematically extirpating the rebellious ones. Squads of soldiers descended upon isolated Cherokee farms and at bayonet point marched the families off to what today would be known as concentration camps. Torn from their homes with all the dispatch and efficiency the Nazis displayed under similar circumstances... No way existed for the Cherokee family to sell its property and possessions, and the local Whites fell upon the lands, looting, burning, and finally taking possession.

“The movement known as the Ghost Dance first appeared around 1870… soon after the Union Pacific Railroad completed its first transcontinental run. …that event inspired the vision of the prophet Wodziwob, who declared that a big train was coming to bring back dead ancestors… a cataclysm would swallow up all the whites and leave behind their goods for his followers.”

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Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

“When today's remnants of Indian societies are examined closely, it is seen how well some have worked out a compromise with their White conquerors—acculturation without assimilation.”

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Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

“The Shoshone, as well as those peoples around the world who still survive at the least complex levels of social organization, know that romantic love exists. But they also recognize it for what it is—in their case, a form of madness. …they regard the participants with tolerance and patience, for they know that the illness will soon go away. …To them, only someone mentally backward would base an institution so important to survival as marriage on romantic love. …it is a life and death business.”

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Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

“Experiments… have shown that at least one aspect of human thought—memory—is strongly influenced by language.”

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Word Play (1974)

“Why did not Indians enter White society, particularly in view of the numerous attempts by Whites to "civilize" them? The answer is that White settlers possessed no traditions and institutions comparable to the Indians' hospitality and sharing, adoption, and complete social integration. …Whites who educated Indians did so with the idea that the Indians would return to their own people as missionaries to spread the gospel, not that they might become functioning parts of White society.”

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Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

“After the Spaniards settled the Southwest, the Navajo began another burst of cultural borrowing—or, more actually, stealing. Spanish ranches and villages were so depleted of horses—not to mention sheep—that by 1775 the Spaniards had to send to Europe for 1,500 additional horses. After the Pueblo Rebellion against the Spaniards was put down in 1692, many Pueblo took refuge with their Navajo neighbors—and taught them how to weave blankets, a skill for which the Navajo are still noted, and to make pottery. During this time the Navajo probably absorbed many Pueblo religious and social ideas and customs as well, such as ceremonial paraphernalia and possibly the Pueblo class system.”

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Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

“The League [of the Hodenosaunee] favorably impressed the White settlers, and some historians believe it to have been one of the models on which the Constitution of the new United States of America was based.”

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also see the Great Law of Peace
Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

“If you read Peter Farb's book, Man's Rise of Civilization, he goes through all these different cultures at first contact, and they very often figure out in very different ways, but typically the things that were in common among them, were that the idea of the accumulation of private property beyond your needs was considered a mental illness.”

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Thom Hartmann, in the documentary film "I Am" written, directed, and narrated by Tom Shadyac
Disputed

“Complex civilization is hectic… such hunters and collectors of wild food as the Shoshone are among the most leisured people on earth.”

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p, 125
Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

“For tens, and perhaps hundreds, of thousands of years, people regarded language as a holy instrument that let them look out upon the world… Only in the last few decades have people suspected that their window on the world has a glass that gives a distorted view.”

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Word Play (1974)

“The Hopewell fused elements of the Adena, the Archaic, and other Woodland patterns of life. Thus, it cannot technically be identified as a culture. …Rather, the Hopewell people were an amalgam of many societies whose customs varied greatly, but who were bound together by… a cult of the dead and a trade bond… a network of trade linked widely separated areas of the continent.”

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Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

“Almost every messianic movement in the world came into being as a result of hallucinatory visions of a prophet. One point must be emphasized about the prophet of a messianic movement: He is not a schizophrenic, as was so long assumed. A schizophrenic with religious paranoia will state that he is God, Jesus, the Great Spirit, or some other supernatural being. The prophet, on the other hand, never states that he is supernatural—only that he has been in contact with supernatural powers.”

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Of course, after his death, his disciples tend to deify him or at least give him saintly status.
Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

“To say that the invention "was in the air" or "the times were ripe for it" are just other ways of stating that the inventors did not do the inventing, but that the cultures did.”

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Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

“The culture of the Anasazi is still the best known of all prehistoric southwestern cultures. …Their architecture… is distinctly their own, and unique among all the southwestern cultures.”

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Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

“Today's American bemoans the extermination of the passenger pigeon and the threatened extinction of the whooping crane and the ivory billed woodpecker; he contributes to conservation organizations that seek to preserve the Hawaiian goose, the sea otter of the Aleutian Islands, the lizard of the Galapágos Islands… But who ever shed a tear over the loss of the native American cultures?”

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1st edition
Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

“About 1790 the Cherokee decided to adopt the ways of their White conquerors and… established churches, mills, schools, and well cultivated farms… they adopted a written constitution providing for an executive, a bicameral legislature, a supreme court, and a code of laws.”

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Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

“By the time the United States took possession of the Southwest in 1848, after the Mexican War, the Navajo had become the dominant military force in the area. …The American soldiers who marched into Santa Fe had no trouble with the Mexicans, but the Navajo stole several head of cattle from the herd of the commanding general himself, not to mention thousands of sheep and horses from settlers in the vicinity.”

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Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

“Every Messianic movement known to history has arisen in a society that has been subjected to severe stress of contact with an alien culture—involving military defeat, epidemic, and acculturation”

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Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

“…the intensity of the indignation was in direct proportion to a White's distance from the Indian. On the frontier, the Indian was regarded as a besotted savage; but along the eastern seaboard, where the Spaniards, Dutch, English, and later Americans had long since exterminated all the Indians, philosophers and divines began to defend the Red Man.”

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Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

“In 1863, Colonel Kit Carson was ordered to clear the country of Navajo Indians and to resettle any survivors at Fort Sumner in eastern New Mexico, where they could be "civilized." Carson's strategy was the same as that applied against the Plains Indians a little later: He destroyed the Navajo food base by systematically killing their livestock and by burning their fields. Carson's "Long Knives" (his soldiers so named because of their bayonets) also cut off the breast of Navajo girls and tossed them back and forth like baseballs…. Ultimately, about 8,500 Navajos made what they still call the "Long Walk" to captivity at Fort Sumner, three hundred miles away. After they had been there for four years, the Navajo signed a peace treaty that entitled them to a reservation of about 3,500,000 acres, much less than they had held previously.”

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Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

“What makes the Hohokam noteworthy is the development of irrigation works. The earliest… dates from some 2,000 years ago. …They built dams that redirected the flow of water into irrigation canals, some of them… extending for more than twenty-five miles. …They built flat-topped pyramids and ball courts, where they used rubber balls imported from Central America. The Hohokam may also have been the first to use the technique of etching with acid in their remarkable designs on marine shells.”

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Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

“In 1680 the Pueblo Indians, led by a prophet named Popé who had been living in Taos, expelled the Spaniards... The god of the Spaniards was declared dead, and the religious ways came out into the open again. …But when Popé attempted to become the unchallenged leader of all the Pueblo Indians, the movement collapsed. …The Pueblo confederation soon broke apart and the people warred among themselves. In 1692 the Spaniards marched back to victory.”

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Man's Rise to Civilization (1968)

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